shall

aux v

• ①[单纯未来]将…;会…;[含预定之意]拟将…(★在I [We] shall ..., Shall I [you] ...?等第一人称直述句及第一、二人称疑问句中使用;【美口】单纯未来亦用I [We] will, Will I [we, you] ...?)
  • I shall go later.我会晚一点去。
  • I shall be thirty years old next week.下星期我就三十岁了。
  • I shall be very happy to help her.我将很乐意帮助她。
  • Shall we get there before dark if we leave here now?假如现在动身,天黑以前我们会到达那里吗?
  • When shall we meet again?我们什么时候再见面?
  • Shall you be at home this evening?今晚你在家吗?

• ②[意志未来]1[You [He] shall ...用在第二、三人称直述句,表示说话者的意愿]2[Shall I [he] ...?用在第一、三人称疑问句时,系探询对方的意愿](★此种用法【美口】通常用Shall I [we]...?)3[以第一人称为主词,表示大决心或固执;而用强势发音]一定要
  • You shall have my answer next week.下星期你可获得我的答复。
  • You shall not go fishing with me tomorrow.明天你不可跟我去钓鱼。
  • He shall have his share.他应得到他那一份。
  • "Shall I show you her pictures?"－"Yes, do, please."「给你看她的照片好吗?」「好的,请给我看。」
  • What shall I do?我要做什么?
  • Shall the boy go first?要不要这个男孩先去?
  • "Shall we go out for a walk?"－"Yes, let's."「要不要出去散散步?」「好的,走吧。」
  • Let's go shopping, shall we?我们去买东西,好吗?
  • I shall go to Paris, come what may.不论发生什么事,我一定要到巴黎去。
  • I shall never [never shall] forget her generosity.我绝不会忘记她的慷慨(★I never shall forget ...的句型更能加强语气)。
  • "You must do this."－"Shan't!"「你必须做这件事。」「绝不做!」

• ③[用于表命令、要求、协定等的动词所接受的that子句内]
  • The law demands that the debt shall be paid immediately.法律要求该项债务必须立即支付。

• ④[用在各种人称,以表示对于认为不可避免之事的预言]【文】似乎
  • Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet.啊,东是东,西是西,两者相会似不可期(★R. Kipling的诗句)。

• ⑤[用在时间或条件的从属子句中,以表预期、期望]【古】【文】
  • He is granted leave of absence until his appointment shall expire.他获准请假到任期届满为止(★今天此种句子一般都用直说法现在式)。

• ⑥[用于间接引述]1[原则上,直接引述中的shall或should系根据所引述的原句而来]2[如单纯未来的"You [he] will"需要换成第一人称时,则常用I [we] shall [should]]
  • He thinks that he shall soon recover.他认为他不久就会康复。
  • I said I should be at home next week.我说过下周我要留在家里。
  • You said that I should have your answer the next day.你说第二天我就可以得到你的答复。
  • Does the doctor say I shall recover?=【美】Does the doctor say I will recover?医生有没有说我的病会好?
  • Did the doctor say I should recover?=【美】Did the doctor say I would recover?医生有没有说过我的病会好?